reporting verb in narration

Simple present tense to simple past tense: Exceptions: If the content is still true or happening then we do not need to change the tense in the reported speech. Tense Changes in Reported Speech It is an art which reports or records the words of the speaker. When the reported speech states some universal truth or habitual fact, the reported speech’s verb remains unchanged, even if the reporting verb is using the past form. (Indirect), He said to me, “She has gone to school.” (Direct), He told me that she had gone to school. 1.Direct – He says, “ John paints a picture.” Indirect –He says that John paints a picture. (Indirect), He said to me, “She will go to school.” (Direct), He told me that she would go to school. (Continuous conditional), Direct: she said, “I would not be the victim.”. Direct: Tina said, “What will be the charges?”. The following points should be observed about these two modes of narration. There are two main ways of reporting the words of a speaker. (Indirect), He said to me, “She goes to school every day.” (Direct), He told me that she went school every day. Narration Rules for Assertive Sentences : — Keep the following rules in mind to change the Assertive sentences from Direct to indirect: Rule : 1. The indirect object is the person spoken to. Direct: She said, “I work in New York Times.”. Present continuous to past continuous tense. He says he has missed the train but he'll catch the next one. 1. To change direct exclamatory speeches to the indirect one we need to replace interjection (hurrah, wow, alas, oh, etc.) যখন reporting verb, past tense-এ থাকে তখন reported speech-এর verb past tense-এর চার প্রকারের এক বা অন্য প্রকারে পরিবর্তিত হয়।, When reporting verb is in the past tense the reported speech’s verb is changed to one or the other of the four forms of past tense. Indirect: Jim said that Bill loved to drink Wine. Let’s follow some examples: Note: shall becomes should if it implies a question. and the adverb of time and place (here, there, today, now, etc.) (Indirect), He said to me, “She has been studying for five hours.” (Direct), He told me that she had been studying for five hours. Direct, Indirect Speech with Optative Sentences. (i)In indirect narration, the reporting verb ‘say’ is changed into ask, tell, order, command, beg, urge, remind, warn, etc. Direct: Smith said, “My parents will be there at 9am.”. In the same way ‘ordered‘, ‘requested‘, ‘forbade‘ will be followed by an object. Present Continuous Tense is changed into Past Continuous Tense, i.e. Direct: She said, “Greece had tried to uphold their economy.”. Past Perfect Tense এবং Past Perfect Continuous Tense একই থাকে।. This is called in grammar terms, verb conjugation. If the action is done to the subject than the verb is known to be in the passive voice. Below, we are sharing the rules to make changes from Direct to … The sentence in which we express hope, the prayer … viii. Indirect: Robert Langdon said that his mother had given the Mickey watch to him. Direct: John said, “I will be doing my CELTA next year.”, Indirect: John said that he would be doing his CELTA next year. Note: The direct speech -contains : a. ii. Barcelona won the match!”. ‍, i. Indirect: The boy said that he had been waiting for his mother since morning. II) In indirect speech questions starting with who, whom, when, how, where and what the wh-word would be the subject or the object of the reported clause: In a statement speech, we will use ‘that’ before the reported statement and the reported verb will be ‘told’ (followed by an object) or ‘said’ (will not be followed by an object). Indirect: Mother asked me how the chicken was. When changing from direct to indirect speech, you need to change the grammar in certain ways. Direct: Robert Langdon said, “My mother gave me the Mickey watch.”. Indirect: Mother said that Bob was taking a nap. (Indirect), He said to me, “ She had done it.” (Direct), He said to me, “She had been studying for three hours.” (Direct), He told me that she had been studying for three hours. b. Modal verbs like could, should, need, must, might, used to do not change in reported speech. Indirect speech differs from the direct speech’s time and place. Past Perfect Tense and Past Perfect Continuous Tense remain the same. Only the persons change. Indirect: I exclaimed with grief that my pet had died. advised., etc., according to sense. Answer: Talha said that he was reading a book then. Reported Speech: The act of reporting the words of a speaker is called narration. He said to me, “Please. let’s have a glance at the following rules: In an indirect speech the pronoun changes according to the speaker whether s/he is referring himself/herself or a third person. 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