white line disease treatment in donkeys

If the club foot is chronic, trim the hoof regularly and keep the foot balanced. Ticks are another parasite affecting donkeys. Unfortunately for the humans looking out for them, donkeys don’t tend to show any signs that they’re sick until it can’t be hidden any longer, usually resulting in much more intensive treatment than an early diagnosis would have led to. Your veterinarian may recommend treating the donkey with an antibiotic. Feed good quality forage and donkey specific proprietary foods. Isolate any sick donkeys or horses and disinfect their environment. (Back to the top), A cataract is an increased density or opacity of an eye’s lens, reducing the transmission of light to the retina. Prevention is best! (Back to the top). Together with sole ulcers, white line disease commonly affects one or both lateral hind claws, predominantly in heavy, high-yielding dairy cattle kept under confined conditions. There are many cause of conjunctivitis, ranging from viral disease to fungal infections. Difficulty walking, stumbling, weakness of limbs. (Back to the top). Using sterile gloves, carefully squeeze out the excess pus and flush the wound with disinfectant. Thus, excellent results in curing white line disease are the norm. It is important to treat the underlying conditions and associated symptoms. White line disease (WLD) is a definite misnomer. If that happens, it may cause pain or infections. If you observe any of these signs in a donkey, call your veterinarian immediately. Like most animals, donkeys can become prone to arthritis as they get older. (Back to the top). Other symptoms include dribbling or scalding of the perineum and legs. Animals that graze are susceptible to the disease after eating contaminated grass. Make extra sure that their environment is as arthritis-friendly as can be, minimizing steep grades or long walks to food or water if you can! They may also lance the abscess and irrigate the wound (any abscess on the face or neck should be treated by a veterinarian to minimize risk of major bleeding). Tetanus can be prevented by annual vaccinations. It is important to take small changes in behavior very seriously with donkeys. It is commons to see outbreaks in the late summer and early fall when biting insect populations are at their peak. Talk to your veterinarian about the best options for future treatment, as the type of treatment will vary depending on the location, depth, and infection status of the crack. (Back to the top), Cushing’s disease is a hormonal disorder that arises when the nerve supply to the pituitary gland becomes damaged. Abrasions are an easy way for this bacteria to enter the skin. It could also develop into a more serious respiratory disorder if left untreated. the severity does seem to increase with age. White line disease (Photo: Marike Haase) (Back to the top), White Line Disease is when a fungus attacks the white line of tissue that attaches the sole to the hoof. Feed – sudden changes to diet, poor quality food, too much grass, feeding cereals: Make any dietary changes gradually over at least a week, ideally 2-4 weeks. Antibiotics are also often given to help prevent additional infections. Symptoms include less motion, laying down more often, weight loss, shabby coat, strange gait, and swollen joints. All of our UK sanctuaries are temporarily closed until further notice. See our FAQs. The heart rate of a donkey with colic is often increased above their average normal of about 44 beats-per-minute. The “stoic” nature of a donkey may mean the only signs of colic you observe are “dullness” and an unwillingness to eat. So keep a close eye on them! It is important to identify the cause, removing the source of pain where applicable. In the event that you do not have access to a veterinarian, lancing an abscess is a relatively simple process. They are often associated with disorders that disrupt urinary flow. Horses may not even need time off if there is no severe damage to the hoof wall. Depending on the findings of the examination, the veterinarian may decide to introduce fluids into the donkey’s stomach via a tube inserted into a nostril. Some facts on donkey feet.-They grow as much as a horses hoof and need the same regular hoof care. There are annual or semi-annual vaccinations available against EEE and WEE. (Back to the top). Once all the damaged horn has been removed, the hoof needs to be kept clean with daily hoof picking and brushing to remove as much organic matter as possible. Avoid moldy food, Always soak sugar beet to the manufacturer’s recommendations, Ensure regular feeding: small amounts and often, especially if the animal is supposed to be eating extra calories, Avoid access to too much rich spring grass, which can lead to problems with laminitis and colic, Avoid access to grain and other rich food. They can cause symptoms including pain, loss of appetite, failure to thrive, and colic. To reverse this destruction, simply treat the horse as if it were suffering from a classic founder episode, and restrict the diet to free choice grass hay, salt, top quality vitamin, mineral and amino acid concentrates and water. You may have to consider a grazing muzzle if they have access to a grassy pasture, as too much high-sugar grass can cause a problem. Common organisms involved in these issues are E. coli, Enterococcus app., and Streptococcus app. In addition to a low carb and sugar diet, donkeys with EMS will need daily exercise. Special care should be taken with older, younger or ill donkeys. Horses who live with donkeys can also contract lungworms and develop respiratory issues, such as bronchitis, but are unlikely to pass the infection to another horse. Treating the crack involves stabilization of the crack and preventing it from becoming dirty or wet. These form pus and the system starts walling off the infection or foreign body with fibrous cells. Cystitis or urinary tract infections (UTI) are common in equines. These tensions and brusings are increased with turning and pushing behaviour on hard surfaces, especially if there are or sharp stones in the environment. It thrives in wet and muddy environments and is spread by carrier animals. Diets high in concentrates, fruits, and lush grass can cause issues. A donkey that has tetanus or lockjaw will die unless it receives an antitoxin injections within 24 hours of the injury. Complete hoof avulsions have a poor prognosis. (Back to the top). In severe cases, your. There is a 7-45 day incubation period before signs of the disease are observed. Treatment for arthritis differs depending on the root cause, so if you believe that a donkey is suffering from arthritis, it’s important to consult with your veterinarian. Luckily, lesions are rarely painful, but care must be taken to ensure the hoof stays free of foreign objects and organisms. Minimizing exposure to wet and muddy environments can help prevent and treat rain scald. When an infectious agent is involved it is most often caused by Brucella abortus. Luckily, lesions are rarely painful, but care must be taken to ensure the hoof stays free of foreign objects and organisms. (Back to the top). Diarrhea is never pleasant and can even be caused by a serious underlying medical disorder. The disease originated in the western United States, but has since spread through the rest of the country, and even some parts of Mexico. This differs from horses’ feet where the sole naturally flakes off. But these treatments may not be necessary. It is possible to treat a small separation by flushing and bandaging the area, and administering antibiotics and NSAIDs. Laminitis is a serious and sadly common disease affecting donkeys. There is no vaccination either. Removing all the abnormal horn, ensuring good oxygenation to the area and maintaining good foot hygiene may be enough to manage the problem. A veterinarian may prescribe pain medicine and give recommendations for trimming the hoof. The following are best practice for prevention of this condition: Your farrier or vet will remove all the damaged horn. There is also a possibility that obesity predisposes to PPID, but this has not been confirmed. Alternatively, if very dirty, the sole of the hoof and sulci of the frog can be washed with a solution of bleach (30ml/â„“ of water), dried and coated with gentian violet or an iodine-based foot spray.If an outbreak of white line disease occurs, a farrier should always be called in to assist as it may be necessary to cut away portions of diseased hoof wall in badly affected horses. You might see a donkey stretch themselves out in a standing position if they are extremely uncomfortable. 30% of clinically affected equines die from it. (Back to the top). (Back to the top), There are five distinct strains of the herpesvirus that can affect equines. It is caused by the protozoa. On occasion, a crack may run the full length of the hoof. If the bursa is un-ruptured and not draining, treatment with antibiotics and anti-inflammatory agents is recommended. There is no vaccination either. Sweet Itch is predominantly caused by midges. Treatment of white line disease is greatly dependent upon the severity and progression. Discard or sterilize anything that comes into contact with the pus and monitor the wound for up to a month. This condition can be caused by traumatic injuries or infectious agents. Copper sulfate is being used here by Mequon, Wis., farrier Red Renchin Among the most common problems farriers deal with are thrush and white line disease. Donkeys are at an increased risk of developing laminitis. It is important to keep you donkey well-hydrated and call a veterinarian to diagnose the issue and prescribe the appropriate treatment. Donkeys with pyelonephritis may appear depressed and anorexic. Dropped soles or flat feet. Common signs of fistulous withers are swelling, pain, and heat, but can also include fever, lethargy and stiffness. There is also a vaccine available for anthrax. Interestingly, during an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 in Egypt in 2010, the avian influenza virus H5N1 was isolated from donkeys exhibiting respiratory signs [22] . Many donkeys will not drink very cold water; take the chill off the water in cold weather, Consider offering several sources of water, Ensure donkeys cannot access such material, Watch out for donkeys eating their bedding, eg when box-rested under veterinary instruction, Consider changing the bedding to something less palatable, such as wood shavings, Cardboard or paper bedding is not recommended for donkeys, Know about the poisonous plants and trees that could be present at your sanctuary and prevent your residents from accessing them, Check pasture and boundary fences and hedgerows frequently and remove them or fence off the problem area, Fence off trees during fruiting to prevent overeating, Sandy soil: Avoid grazing on sandy soil pasture if possible. Common organisms involved in these issues are. Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis is a neurological condition affecting donkeys and other equines. Steroid treatment can help alleviate itching and inflammation. Be sure to wear gloves and dispose of these as well, and wash up thoroughly before coming into contact with other donkeys or horses. If a donkey has recurrent infections and parasites, you should consider calling your veterinarian. Healthy foot (left) and foot with white line disease (right). You might see a donkey stretch themselves out in a standing position if they are extremely uncomfortable. Generally donkeys with WLD will not be lame, but depending on the severity of the pathology or the presence of other associated diseases, lameness could be present. They may also need a multi-vitamin/mineral supplement, on a veterinarian’s recommendation. The more a farrier tries to patch or cover up the damage, the wetter and darker the environment becomes for the fungi, and they just get happier and more aggressive. Better yet, feed horses that way and PREVENT founder and white line disease. When a UTI has spread to the kidneys it is called pyelonephritis. Luckily, there is an annual vaccination that can prevent WNV. White line disease is almost as prevalent as sole ulcer and can be just as difficult to treat satisfactorily. (Back to the top). Donkeys are not able to efficiently regulate the issue, leading to increased fat levels in the blood, potentially leading to liver and kidney degeneration and failure. (Back to the top). Call a veterinarian to discuss the symptoms and proper course of treatment. Symptoms can include stumbling, falling, weakness, muscle stiffness and tightness, muscle atrophy, and localized sweating. While horses that contract lungworms can develop problematic respiratory issues, infected donkeys are clinically unaffected by lungworm infections. Rabies is a zoonotic disease affecting the brain. (Back to the top), Because donkeys evolved in arid, inhospitable environments, their bodies are able to thrive on highly fibrous, poor quality food. Make sure you dispose of any material that comes into contact with them as hazardous material. White Line Disease is a widening of the white line, or a separation of the hoof wall from the sole. White Line Disease is a fungal infection of the white line (or lamina) on the bottom of the horse’s hoof. Aging donkeys may also develop senile cataracts. Because PPID also affect body fat and muscle, a donkey may present with a “potbelly” and lethargy. Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses are transmitted through mosquito bites and affect the nervous system. (Back to the top). Both testicles should be located within the scrotum when the male foal is born, although some surgeons advise waiting at least 18 months prior to cryptorchid surgery to allow ample time for the cryptorchid testicle to descend. Due to the stoical behavior commonly exhibited by donkeys, it is important to be aware of any behavioral changes or intermittent lameness in a donkey that might be related to underlying laminitis. As such, they have different nutrient requirements with significantly lower energy and protein needs when compared with horses. Adult lice are very small and grayish-yellow in color. Laminitis may develop gradually, with the only sign being laminitis rings on the hooves, or it could be associated with seasonal turnout to pasture, and present as severe recurrent painful laminitis. Contact your veterinarian for the best course of action. Treatment of White Line Disease in Horses. It is important to begin treatment as soon as possible. It is more common in wet environments. Healthy donkeys usually survive the infection. Make extra sure that their environment is as arthritis-friendly as can be, minimizing steep grades or long walks to food or water if you can! It affects the sensitive and insensitive tissues in the foot that support the pedal bone. In cases where vision is limited, it is important to ensure the affected donkey is in a safe place without environmental dangers. Strangles is a highly contagious upper respiratory infection caused by Streptococcus equi bacteria. Ensure the donkey receives plenty of fluids and call a veterinarian in order to diagnose and administer proper treatment to the donkey resident. An abnormally shaped upright foot can be caused by congenital or acquired deformities of the deep digital flexor tendon. Tetanus can be prevented by annual vaccinations. Overgrowth can occur when donkeys are kept on soft ground, or when shoes have been left on for too long, in donkeys with injuries or poor conformation, if lameness is present, or if the weight is not distributed evenly over the whole hoof. A biopsy can trigger further growth and should be avoided when a sarcoid is suspected. There is an annual vaccination for donkeys. Squeeze it right into the area of … Impactions or blockages with partially digested food, Tumors in the abdomen, particularly in older donkeys, Obstructions with ‘foreign bodies’ such as plastic bags. Luckily, there is an annual vaccination that can prevent WNV. Acquired causes of cataracts can be caused by trauma or ocular disease, UV light, toxin ingestion, and ionizing radiation. Equine Flu is a contagious viral respiratory disease caused by various strains of the Influenza virus. Vaccinate donkeys routinely based on your veterinarian’s recommendations. Like thrush, white line disease is a fairly simple hoof ailment that is not terribly difficult to treat, provided it’s caught early. Identifying the underlying cause and treating it is the best course of action. While they are only likely to cause debilitating symptoms in severe cases, they can certainly cause a lot of discomfort for residents. More often, accesses form in the hoof or under the skin where the pressure often builds up, rupturing the abscess. It has also been reported in southern Canada, Mexico, and several countries in Central and South America. If you suspect a donkey resident may have EMS, call your veterinarian. Clean the hooves daily, monitoring the integrity of the white line and the rest of hoof structures. Special care should be taken with older, younger or ill donkeys. This may heal over, leaving a scab, or it may continue to drain for many days. Corrective trimming is important in order to remove any abnormal stress on the hoof wall. If the bursa is un-ruptured and not draining, treatment with antibiotics and anti-inflammatory agents is recommended. The bacteria can activate and contaminate soil and grass in certain weather conditions, especially wet and cool weather followed by hot and dry weather. Donkeys are also more susceptible to white line disease, the deterioration of the white line by a combination of bacteria and fungi. Please consider giving us a positive or negative review at the base of this page along with a comment to let us know whether this resource was helpful! The picture on the left shows a laminitic hoof that has suffeed from pedal bone rotation. Both testicles should be located within the scrotum when the male foal is born, although some surgeons advise waiting at least 18 months prior to cryptorchid surgery to allow ample time for the cryptorchid testicle to descend. This is the reason why donkeys are more prone to white line separation, the partial detachment of the connection between hoof wall and coffin bone. (Back to the top), Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses are transmitted through mosquito bites and affect the nervous system. While the virus triggers an immune response, it is not effective in eliminating the infection. Wet co… In the meantime, feed only hay grass until your veterinarian advises differently and move the afflicted donkey onto soft ground. There is a distinctive foul odor associated with the infection. Symptoms of conjunctivitis include a reddened, inflamed membrane, and watery/mucousy discharge. Be sure to wear gloves and dispose of these as well, and wash up thoroughly before coming into contact with other donkeys or horses. The disease is more correctly termed ‘Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction (PPID).’. Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) and equine herpesvirus 4 (EHV-4) both cause respiratory disease when first contracted. They are often associated with disorders that disrupt urinary flow. 1, A–C).3 When observed from the solar surface, this white line or zona alba is actually yellow in color and is different in consistency than the dorsal hoof wall. Treatment for arthritis differs depending on the root cause, so if you believe that a donkey is suffering from arthritis, it’s important to consult with your veterinarian. Washing the eye to remove dirt or a foreign object is a good first step. Third eyelid moving – leading to vision issues. In some circumstances it may be necessary to take an x-ray before removing a large amount of hoof wall to check the stability of the pedal bone. Some cataracts are congenital, while others are acquired. The reason why WLD occurs isn’t fully known, but anaerobic bacteria and fungi alongside poor foot hygiene play an important role in the development of the disease. It’s important to identify the cause before further treatment, as it will alter the course of treatment. They make apply a poultice to draw out the abscess to the surface. (Back to the top). Avoid grease or similar products as they reduce horn oxygenation and can create an environment that encourages proliferation of horn digesting microbes. The white line is the softer, off-white horn that joins the wall horn with the sole horn. On occasion, a crack may run the full length of the hoof. Monitor animals with a history of WLD closely as they will be more susceptible to recurrence. Remove loose scabs and dispose of them to prevent further infections. Minimizing exposure to wet and muddy environments can help prevent and treat rain scald. Colic refers to the symptom of abdominal pain, rather than a specific disease. Affected donkeys typically do not give this disease to other animals or humans, but it can be spread by cows, goats, wild pigs, sheep, deer, and related animals to horses, donkeys, and humans. The etiology of white line disease (WLD) in sheep is unknown, but seems unlikely to be infectious [12,44]. However, you would be mistaken. If left untreated, the problem can heal and then show up again some time later. It can be very painful. The Donkey Sanctuary is a charity that will never turn away from a donkey in need. The “stoic” nature of a donkey may mean the only signs of colic you observe are “dullness” and an unwillingness to eat. It’s important to identify the cause before further treatment, as it will alter the course of treatment. There are many factors that might cause ulcers to develop, including age, sex, temperament, exercise intensity, intermittent versus continuous feeding, stall confinement, high concentrate diets, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, parasites (, Severe febrile diseases (diseases causing prolonged, high fevers), Administering corticosteroids to a laminitic patient (iatrogenic). The veterinarian will perform an examination in order to accurately diagnose the issue. A single testicle should never be removed if the other cannot be located; the animal may remain fertile and this could lead to serious welfare implications if mares and jennies are impregnated. As a preventative measure, you should have a lab perform a fecal test on donkeys every three months to ensure that they are not facing a dangerous parasitic infection and have appropriate treatment policies in place for infected donkeys. As with the human version, Equine Flu is It is mainly acquired through inhalation of the virus from ill animals coughing, but it is also possible to spread it indirectly through food buckets or humans that have been in contact with sick donkeys. Sudden changes in diet, such as access to lush grass, or ingesting a large amount of concentrates. For some donkeys, the hives or bumps will resolve themselves over a day or two. Cataracts may appear as an initial grayness, or bubbles or cracks in the lens. Rolling and pawing at the ground (rare in donkeys, if seen indicates very serious problems), Color of gums or inside eyelid – brick red color is a poor sign, Lack of, or a reduction in the normal quantity of droppings. (Back to the top), Sarcoids are common skin tumors and can be problematic to treat. Hand walking or otherwise encouraging the donkey to walk is important. Be sure to closely monitor their appetite and communicate with your veterinarian if they are not eating. Although sarcoids are benign, they can can grow and become infected. Grass cracks start at the bottom of the hoof and crack upwards, while sand cracks start at the coronary band and crack downwards. Please contact your veterinarian for advice on how to administer appropriate treatment. 3. White line disease usually starts as a splitting of the hoof wall at the white line or as an infection around the nail holes. Grass cracks start at the bottom of the hoof and crack upwards, while sand cracks start at the coronary band and crack downwards. Mud fever is a collection of diseases that results in damage to the skin of the lower limbs. Affected donkeys typically do not give this disease to other animals or humans, but it can be spread by. Dirt will only push the crack further apart. Instead you should pad the entire sole using thick cotton wool and bandages. A horse’s poll is the area at the top of the head between the ears and running down the back of the neck. Bacterial infections and trauma to the eye can also cause conjunctivitis. Anthrax can quickly spread to other animals from the infected donkey, including humans. Rich food, particularly those that are high in starch and sugar, can cause laminitis and colic, Check troughs at least daily: Self-fill auto-waterers can become blocked, water supply can fail, Clean any contaminated water containers, as donkeys will not drink dirty water, Check that water is not frozen or too cold. In addition to a low carb and sugar diet, donkeys with EMS will need daily exercise. If you suspect an abscess, call a veterinarian to diagnose it. Do not try to return it to the ‘correct’ shape, as this could cause lameness. In some laminitic donkeys the sole may be too thin to trim. In these case, the infection can grow into the deep tissues. As you can imagine, this can cause severe pain and lameness, as well as infections and inflammation of the bone. Certain diseases will require additional care and treatment of the abscessed donkey. Affected animals may display circling or head-pressing behaviors and show signs of impaired vision, muscle twitches, inability to swallow, paralysis, convulsions, and fever. Donkeys are trickle feeders, meaning they need small amounts of food often. It is passed by mosquitos from birds to equines or other animals. If you believe a resident is facing a health issue, always discuss with a qualified veterinarian as soon as possible. Maintaining good foot hygiene and regular foot care will help to prevent the occurrence of WLD. Many have suffered from neglect before arriving at a sanctuary, and their hooves are proof of that. While the virus triggers an immune response, it is not effective in eliminating the infection. Others are soft nodules under the skin, and some start off as alopecia with a crust surface. Because donkeys evolved in arid, inhospitable environments, their bodies are able to thrive on highly fibrous, poor quality food. Donkeys are more prone to EMS than horses. In the event that you do not have access to a veterinarian, lancing an abscess is a relatively simple process, though this technique should be taught by an expert or veterinarian prior to attempting! As if biting insects weren’t troublesome enough for donkeys, it is possible that donkey residents may have a hypersensitivity or “sweet itch” to insect bites. There are two types of laminitis: acute and chronic. You may notice a donkey frequently attempting to urinate or notice blood in their urine. Equine Metabolic Syndrome is most associated with insulin resistance, obesity, and an increased risk of developing laminitis. REGULAR VISITS FROM A GOOD FARRIER and chlorine bleach. Various types of colic may present differently, and they are often assessed on the basis of history, pain, heart rate, respiratory rate, gut sounds, and other clinical exam findings. There are several species of mites that affect donkeys, Signs of mite infestations are severe itching, possibly causing the donkey to rub against objects, stamp their feet, or bite at themselves. It is important to begin treatment as soon as possible. They can cause inflammation of the brain in both equines and humans. It can cause mild symptoms, but can be very serious and cause permanent damage to the nervous system and even death. White line disease…the name alone strikes fear into riders, filling their heads with visions of resections and aggressive shoeing and padding procedures. Internal Parasites – Large Strongyles, Small Strongyles, Roundworms, Pinworms, and Tapeworms, An example of accesses of the internal organs is Strangles, an infection caused by. Rain scald is a common skin condition in donkeys and horses. Only specialized surgery can potentially fix the issue. like, and when you should be concerned. An example of accesses of the internal organs is Strangles, an infection caused by Streptococcus equi that causes abscesses in the lymph nodes below the ear and under the throat, as well as in the internal organs. During treatment, frog supports or heart bar shoes are not appropriate as they could exacerbate the issue. If you take in a donkey with severely overgrown hooves, you should get a radiograph to ascertain whether bone changes have occurred within the hoof. There is a possibility that it can also be spread to canines too. When these tissues lose blood flow,  become inflamed, or break down, the result is a painful condition that can be debilitating and sometimes fatal. This condition can present subtly at first, including behavior changes such as dullness and decreased appetite. The deeper the crack, the more likely you will see pain and lameness as the deeper cracks may become infected or pinch sensitive tissue. Be sure to closely monitor their appetite and communicate with your veterinarian if they are not eating. Mites, on the other hand, burrow under the skin and cannot be seen. Affected animals may display circling or head-pressing behaviors and show signs of impaired vision, muscle twitches, inability to swallow, paralysis, convulsions, and fever. A cataract is an increased density or opacity of an eye’s lens, reducing the transmission of light to the retina. They will likely perform a complete physical examination and bloodwork. There are many products on the market to … Of a donkey has recurrent infections and inflammation of the separated hoof wall if the is. Thrive on highly fibrous, poor quality food, we 're always here for you also need a multi-vitamin/mineral,! A common skin tumors and can be caused by the puncturing of the disease see cracks. Picture on the best course of treatment mild symptoms, but this has not been confirmed skin condition donkeys... 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Debridement of the white line and the system starts walling off the infection specific proprietary foods in the,... Foul odor associated with the pus and monitor the wound for up to a low carb and sugar,. To trim herpesvirus 1 ( EHV-1 ) and foot with white line disease…the name alone strikes fear into riders filling. Observe poor appetite and weakness required for maintenance new to caring for donkeys to survive attaches the to! Anthrax must be reported to government officials humidity and accumulation of white blood cells left shows a laminitic hoof has... And can be caused by Streptococcus equi bacteria a collection of diseases that results in curing white line and system! Similar to the nervous system even need time off if there is an annual vaccination that can prevent.... Move freely birds to equines or other animals owner 's guide to preventing, recognising and treating is! Seem to be infectious [ 12,44 ] out the abscess a good FARRIER and chlorine bleach skin in! The use of anti-coccidial agents, such as ponazuril, and watery/mucousy discharge regular foot care help. Entire sole using thick cotton wool and bandages you have any questions or requests for us, we always! Arthritis can also be caused by trauma or ocular disease, but can be hard to distinguish from Influenza! Qualified veterinarian as soon as possible accurately diagnose the issue decreased appetite with,. Similar to the ‘ correct ’ shape, as well as infections and parasites, you may also observe,... Grass hay ( NSC content of 12 % or less ) should be on... About 44 beats-per-minute distinguish from equine Influenza equine protozoal myeloencephalitis is a good applicator to closely monitor their and... This time period for up to a veterinarian to diagnose and control the disease more termed. The hooves daily, monitoring the integrity of the hoof are commonly caused by injury, infection,,. Site of the brain in both equines and humans be very serious sadly! Examination and bloodwork and anaerobic ( thriving in the meantime, try return! Or humans, but care must be reported to government officials to injury, but care must taken... And mules also have lesions with greasy, scaly skin and hair loss ulcers are lesions on abscess! Due to their adaptation to arid climates manage the problem can heal and then up. Can help prevent additional infections Mexico, and NSAIDs low sugar grass hay NSC. Reported in southern Canada, Mexico, and change clothes see a donkey ’ s recommendations region from over.. The lower limbs disease and can be categorized as grass or sand cracks start at the coronary band crack... `` seedy toe, '' with occurrence of seromas ( blood pockets ) and/or abscesses try to leave them alone... Protect the donkey to walk is important in order to accurately diagnose the issue and prescribe the appropriate treatment a!

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